Beamforming optical antenna arrays for nano-bio sensing and actuation applications

Light is found at the basis of bidirectional interfaces between digital systems and biological systems, including those in nano-bio-sensing nano-bio-actuation applications. Despite potentially very small size optical transceivers antennas, enabled by wavelength electromagnetic radiation, currently, existing commonly rely on macro-sized intrusive equipment, table-top microscopes spectroscopy fiber technology as opposed to wireless setups. These place several bottlenecks possibilities capabilities these emerging fields. In this paper, a unified theory developed design nano-antenna arrays, which are able manipulate light similarly how antenna arrays RF radiation. First, applications transmission, reception reflection described. Then, fundamental factors affecting individual antennas described modeled. The mutual coupling studied guide development compact arrays. Different beamforming strategies proposed, their performance numerically investigated means finite element methods.